WA Economic History Data Project

Historic economic and demographic data for Western Australia, established as the Swan River Colony in 1829, is held in a range of locations and formats. This guide introduces sources and linked to locations or online access, where available. 

Historical Overview

Between 1837 to 1869, the WA Governor produced handwritten Blue Books in triplicate to report to the British Colonial Office on civil establishment, key statistics and personnel. From 1870 the Government Printer published typewritten Blue Books, until 1905. In 1869 a statistics repository was developed and maintained by government registry, who published an annual Statistical Register of WA until 1968, containing key economic and demographic data; from 1909 the Civil Establishment and Personnel Information was published in the Public Services Lists. Additionally, a Western Australian (Official) Year Book was published intermittently; with A Pocket Year Book of Western Australia also issued by the Government Statistician from 1919 to 1965. Census data commencing from 1849 provides an alternative published source of insight into the state's population profile and some economic indicators. 

Key Sources Locations

Blue Books 1834-1869
Blue Books 1870-1905

 

Statistical Registers 1869-1998
Western Australia Official Year Book 1960-1998
Census Data 1848 onwards
RBA State Savings Bank of Western Australia
UK Data Service Statistics of Australian Public Debt and Capital Raised in London

Key Sources Information

Blue Books and Early Economic and Demographic Statistics 1834-1905

Early bound 'Blue Books' were produced from 1834-69 and consist of standard printed forms which were hand-completed in copperplate by the Colonial Secretary's Office. Each volume provides an annual summary of information relating to the Swan River Colony, as well as a list of officers employed. The information spans return on:

  • Taxes
  • Duties and Feeds
  • Revenue and Expenditure
  • Statements on Public Debt
  • A List of Laws Proclaimed
  • A List of the Civil Establishment
  • Population Returns
  • Summaries of Land Grants
  • Criminal Statistics
  • And more... 

Triplicate volumes are held at the WA SRO, and originals in the UK National Archives: neither have been scanned or digitised to date and must be viewed in person via the State Records Office/SLWA. From 1879 the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Western Australian Office published the Blue Books incorporating tabulated data, until 1905. Original hard copies also held in the Barry Marshall Library at UWA. Selected Blue Book data (1870-1905) was partially processed and digitised for open access in 2012 as part of the Western Australia node of the Australian Data Archive Project. The Excel database includes spreadsheet pages for: 

  • Cultivated Land
  • Crops
  • Stock
  • Imports/Exports
  • Population
  • Shipping
  • Labour
  • Marriages 

With incomplete data for other subcategories such as: 

  • Population by district
  • Import/Export by country 
  • Factors and Mills
  • Education 
  • Convicts
Statistical Registers and Year Books 1901-1998

The Registrar General's Department combined with the Government Statisticians Office upon federation in 1901 was responsible to the Colonial Secretary's Office until 1957. At this time the two functions of providing statistics and a record of personnel was split, with details of the civil workforce then published in the Public Service lists (Q 351.209941 WES), up until 1987. 

Statistical Register volumes produced from 1900 include statistics on: 

  • Trade 
  • Rural Industries
  • Demography/Population 
  • Finance
  • Local Government 
  • Social Statistics 
  • Transport and Communication 
  • Non-Rural Primary Industries 
  • Labour and Prices
  • Building and Housing 

These are available to view in SLWA. 319.41 [WES]. Copies also held in the Barry Marshall Library (2nd Floor ABS1301.5). From 1960 onwards, the title became known as the 'Year Book of Western Australia'. 

Digitised versions of the registers/yearbooks 1901-1998 are available to view in PDF format via the Australia Bureau of Statistics (Archive Portal) 'Year Books and other multi-subject products' as a collection of 'WA Year Books 1300.5'. Each document is up to 1000 pages/50M. 

Census Data

WA Census Data (1848-1901) has processed and made available as Excel files (also SPSS and Nesstar files) available via open access via the UWA research repository. Shelf copies of original census reports (1859-1901) are available to view at the State Library of Western Australia, (Q 312.94 WES). 

Online PDFs of the census':

  • 1848
  • 1854
  • 1859
  • 1861
  • 1870
  • 1881
  • 1891

Are available via the Historical Census and Colonial Data Archive (HCDA). An archive of Australian colonial census publications and reports covering the period 1833 to 1901 Historical Census of the Commonwealth of Australia reports after that time are available via the Australian Bureau of Statistics archive portal, commencing from the 1911 census. The Australian National University's School of Demography has produced the Australian Demographic Database designed to provide up-to-date easy to understand historic information about Australia's population, however information specific to WA is limited. 

Reserve Bank of Australia State Savings Bank of Western Australia

In 2021 the RBA made public selection of archive records, including some relating to the State Savings Bank of Western Australia for the period 1863-1931 (opening as the Post Office Savings Bank in 1863 to amalgamation with the Commonwealth Bank of Australia in 1931). The records cover a range of documents relating to the Bank's activities including depositor's ledgers, signature registers, declarations and legislation. The depositor's ledgers and signature registers, declarations and legislation. The depositors' ledgers and signature registers include accounts from the Head Office in Perth and the branches at Claremont, Collie, Cottesloe, Fremantle, Katanning and Moora. The majority of the records in this series were created after 1900 and deal with the everyday business of the Bank in the form of depositors' ledgers, pass books, specimen forms, instructions and staff records. 

Of archival interest, the records are mainly of an everyday nature and require user processing and input for any macro-level analysis. 

ABS Historical Publications

The ABS has an ongoing program of digitising a wide range of publications. The Historical Publications webpage provides access to a wide range of historical data (both online and catalogues) colonial statistics and historical census data. 

For example, The Catalogue of Australian Statistical Publications, 1804 to 1901, provides an outlines of the publications and statistical compilations produced by Australia's six colonial statistical bureaus. The Catalogue accompanies the Colonial Microfiche Series, 1804 to 1901, a collection of over 3000 microfiche which are available at ABS and other libraries. The Colonial Microfiche Series, 1804 to 1901, represents most of the statistics published by the various colonial bureaus and their precursors, and also includes the 1901 Census. This publication has been scanned and provides a full text searching capability, available to download from the ABS. 

A more contemporary tool from the ABS (established in 2015) worth noting is the Multi-Agency Data Integration Project. MADIP is a secure data asset combining information on: 

  • Health
  • Education
  • Government Payments
  • Income and Taxation
  • Employment
  • Population Demographics 

It provides whole-of-life insights about various population groups in Australia, such as the interactions between their characteristics, use of services like healthcare and education, and outcomes like improved health and employment. 

NLA Index to the Historical Microfiche Series
A comprehensive listing of publications released by the Central Office of the Australian Bureau of Statistics between 1901 and 1990 and publications released by the ABS State Offices between 1985 and 1990. These publications are available on microfiche in the Historical Microfiche Series - Statistical Publications since Federation. The index will be updated annually to coincide with the release of further fiche supplements. 
UK Data Service

This dataset (UKDA study number: 5435, 2006) publishes new statistics of Australian colonial and state debt, and of capital raised by all Australian public borrowers (including corporation) in London, until 1914. Three types of tables are presented.

The first disaggregates, and where necessary corrects, the official annual statistics of stocks of outstanding debt of each Australian colony, distinguishing between the place of original sale, long and short-term securities, and gross new issues (i.e.) the nominal value of all securities sold) and repayments.

The second shows the stock of long and short term debt held in Australia and the United Kingdom. These are taken principally from Statistical Registers and include debt (e.g. stock issues by Savings Bank) omitted from the official statistics in the early years. 

The final type of table summarises the principal annual flows in London of capital created (including as a result of conversions and exchanges), subscribed, received, and amortised for each colonial government and for public corporations as a single group. 

The data is presented in 18 spreadsheets are of seven borrowers: New South Wales (3 spreadsheets), Victoria (3), Queensland (3), South Australia (3), Tasmania (2), Western Australia (2), and public corporations (1). Access is free but requires registration with the UK Data Service. 

Melbourne University HILDA Survey
The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey is a household-based panel study that collects valuable information about economic and personal well-being, labour market dynamics and family life. It aims to tell the stories of the same group of Australians over the course of their lives. Started in 2001, the HILDA Survey provides policy-makers with unique insights about Australia, enabling them to make informed decisions across a range of policy areas, including health, education and social services. Although only a relatively new tool, it will be an important future statistical tool.